Influence of block lengths and symmetries of block copolymers on phase behavior of polymer A/polymer B/block copolymer ternary blends

Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the compatibilizing effects of diblock copolymers in A/B/A-B diblock copolymer ternary blends and triblock copolymers in A/B/triblock copolymer ternary blends, respectively. The volume fraction of homopolymer A was 19% and was the dispersed phase. The simulation results show that diblock copolymers with longer A-blocks are more efficient as compatibilizers, and symmetric triblock copolymers with a shorter middle block length are easily able to bridge each other through the association of the end blocks. This kind of triblock copolymers have relatively high ability to retard phase separation as compatibilizers.     

Purification of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by solvent extraction

−Purification of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (91.9% purity) by solvent extraction was studied. The extraction of impurities present in crude 2-MBT (e.g. benzothiazole, sulfides and sulfur containing compounds) was carried out at temperatures between 70-180°C using various solvents and their mixtures of different polarity. The highest purity of 2-MBT, above 99% was obtained using nitrobenzene, toluene and ethanol, even at a concentration of 2-MBT above 50 wt%. Increasing temperature and decreasing concentration of the raw material have a positive influence on the purification process. A comparable efficiency of purification was observed also with mixed solvents, (toluene with ethanol, acetone and aniline) possessing the same polarities. A correlation between the polarity indexes (PI) of mixed solvents and experimentally obtained purity of 2-MBT was found. The highest purity of 2-MBT provides extraction of the raw material with mixed solvents having PI 3.8-4.4.     

Synthesis and properties of chitosan-modified poly(vinyl butyrate)

Modification of chitosan by grafting of vinyl butyrate was carried out in homogeneous phase using potassium persulfate as redox initator and 1.5% acetic acid as solvent. The percent grafting and grafting efficiency were analysed and the high grafting efficiency up to 94% was observed. The effects of reaction variables such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, temperature and reaction time were investigated. It was observed that the solubility of chitosan was markedly reduced after grafting with vinyl butyrate. The grafted product is insoluble in common organic solvents as well in dilute organic and inorganic acids. Characterization of the graft copolymers were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technics. Characteristic signal of carbonyl group was observed at 1,731 cm⁻¹ which belongs to the poly vinyl butyrate segments in the graft copolymer. The melting transition of the chitosan main chain in the copolymer shifted to 124°C from its original value 101°C. In addition to these, we have also studied topology of the graft copolymer and the SEM micrograph showed continuous homogenous matrix which means there is no phase separation.     

双轴向载荷Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹J积分断裂准则探讨

通过理论分析和双轴向断裂试验，对我国压力容器常用钢１６ＭｎＲ所制成的含中心穿透Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹十字形试样的断裂规律进行了试验研究，探讨了Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹Ｊ积分断裂准则。结果表明，不同的载荷比和裂纹倾角下Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹的启裂Ｊｉ值接近，复合型Ｊ积分断裂准则预测的启裂载荷与试验结果相吻合     

Synthesis and characterization of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline ionomers containing quaternary ammonium salt groups

A series of thermotropic side‐chain liquid‐crystalline ionomers (LCIs) containing 4‐(4‐alkoxybenzyloxy)‐4′‐allyloxybiphenyl (M) as mesogenic units and allyl triethylammonium bromide (ATAB) as nonmesogenic units were synthesized by graft copolymerization upon polymethylhydrosiloxane. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by IR spectroscopy. DSC was used to measure the thermal properties of these polymers. The mesogenic properties were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction. Homopolymers without ionic groups exhibit smectic and nematic mesophases. The nematic mesophases of the ionomers disappear and the mesomorphic temperature ranges decrease with increasing concentration of ionic units. The influence of the alkoxy chain length on clearing temperature (T_c) values of ionomers clearly shows an odd‐even effect, similar to that of other side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers. The mesomorphic temperature ranges increase with increasing alkoxy chain length when the number of alkoxy carbon is over 3. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2879–2886, 2003     

The Torque Transmission Capabilities of the Adhesively-Bonded Tubular Single Lap Joint and the Double Lap Joint

With the wide application of fiber-reinforced composite materials in aircraft, space structures and robot arms, the design and manufacture of composite joints have become a very important research area because they are often the weakest areas in composite structures.

In this paper, the stress and torque transmission capabilities of the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joint and the double lap joint were experimentally tested. In order to compare the experimental results with the calculated results, the stress and torque transmission capabilities were analyzed by the 3-dimensional finite element method taking into consideration the nonlinear properties of the adhesive.

From the experiments it was found that the torque transmission capabilities of the adhesively-bonded double lap joint was 2.7 times as large as that of the single lap joint. Also, it was found that the fatigue limit of the double lap joint was 16 times as large as that of the single lap joint.     

尿素高压热交换器列管腐蚀与检测

介绍尿素高压热交换器列管的腐蚀规律和特点，指明列管腐蚀检测的重点。     

马赛克战：趋势、挑战与启示

随着近年来美战略重心转向大国竞争,美基于“第三次抵消战略”提出了“马赛克战”这一新型作战概念,以期利用其在人工智能技术等方面的领先地位获得不对称作战优势,“打一场让对手看不懂的战争”。马赛克战的制胜机理,在于以复杂性对抗确定性,通过马赛克结点间的分布与聚合,在维持体系作战能力的同时令对手的反制手段降能失效。虽然马赛克战面临着技术和人的因素等多方面的挑战,但美已在这一方向上进行了长时间的探索并体系性布局了大量前沿项目,相关研究成果将为美军智能化变革持续注入动力。     

APP图标计算审美评估

近年来,计算美学已经成为一个活跃的研究领域.移动终端APP充斥着人们的生活,但关于APP图标的计算美学评估却鲜有尝试.提出一个基于设计准则感知模型的APP图标计算审美评估框架.首先定义一些特征变量量化评估APP图标中的某些方面,如色彩度、和谐度、对比度,同时收集了60名志愿者对240个APP图标在色彩度、和谐度、对比度以及美感的人工评估结果,然后构建相应统计线性回归模型.实验结果表明APP图标计算审美模型可以解释84％～91％人类对APP图标中的色彩度、和谐度、对比度以及美感的判断,并与人工评估结果具有高度显著相关.     

轨道交通以太网总线TRDP通信实现研究

随着以太网技术逐渐走向成熟,列车上的实时以太网的应用需求日渐增加,尤其是近几年发展迅速的高速列车组。其对以太网通信以及实时性要求越来越高。随着国际电工委员会将以太网列车骨干列入了IEC-61375新的标准中后,针对列车上主要通信方式的研究也慢慢高潮化。其主要研究在列车控制单元VCU(Vehicle Control Unit)、显示屏终端设备等一系列设备中进行TCN(列车通信网络Train Communication NetWork)方向的研究探索。使用以太网列车骨干网节点ETBN(Ethernet Train Backbone Node)作为网关,进行相应的DNS(TRDP-MD)以及列车间发送实时数据-过程数据(TRDP-PD)。